初中状语从句精讲精练

吴先早（安徽肥西县肥西中学）

在主从复合句中修饰主句的动词、形容词、副词等的从句称作状语从句， 状语从句功能与副词相近，也可称做副词性从句。

状语从句描述主句谓语动词所发生的时间，地点，原因，结果，方式，条件，目的，让步，比较等。尽管状语从句是一个完整的句子，但它不能单独存在 ，它必须依附于主句而存在。

①.Rose went there then.

②.Rose went where her grandparents lived when I visited her last Sunday.上面句②中的where her grandparents lived 这个地点状语从句相当于句①中there的功能，是修饰主句的谓语动词went, 表示went 发生的地点；而②中when I visited her last Sunday这个时间状语从句相当于句①中的then功能,也是修饰主句的谓语动词went,表示went 发生的时间。

一、时间状语从句

常用引导词有：when（在…时）, as（当…时）, while（在…期间）, as soon as（一……就……）, before（在…之前）, after（在...之后）, since（自从...以来） , not...until（直到…才）until/till(直到…时）等

①.when, while和as的区别

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。

例如：

When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(从句瞬间动词)

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（从句延续性的动词）

While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。例如：

While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)

as表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后”。例如：

We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边……一边”）

As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。

②until和till 在肯定句中表示“直到······为止”，主句要用延续性动词。如：

You will wait for me tomorrow until/till I come home off work.你明天请等到我下班回来。

如果主句的谓语是否定，那么主句要用非延续性动词。

My mother did not go to bed until/till my father came home last night.

昨天晚上直到爸爸回家妈妈才睡觉。

如果主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句要用一般现在时；主句是过去将来时，从句要用一般过去时。

③since引导的从句中常用过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。如：

It is /has been ten years since Wang Ling’s family moved here.

自从王玲家搬到这里已经有十年了。

since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时或者用一般现在时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，从句多用一般过去式。例如：

Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？

It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹住在北京有四年了。

It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板在北京有五个月了

二、地点状语从句：

常用引导词有：where（哪里） ,wherever（无论哪里）等。

①Where there is a will, there is a way.

在有意志力的地方，就有一条路。=有志者，事竟成。

②Wherever you may go ,you mustn’t forget your motherland.

无论你在哪里，都不应该忘记自己的祖国。

三、原因状语从句

常用的引导词有：because （因为）, as（由于）,since, now that（自然）等。其中because 表示的原因最强，它引导的从句放在主句之后。As和 since表示的原因是已知的，但since引导的句型表示的理由比as引导的句型理由更充分、更明显，即大家都知道的事实，显而易见的原因。它们常常放在主句的前面。

①I am very happy because I have got the first place in English test.

我很高兴因为我在英语测验中获得了第一名。

②As the car is full you can hardly put this big box in it.

由于小车装得太满了，你几乎不能把这个大箱子放进去。

③Since/Now that everyone is here, let’s begin.既然大家都来了，让我们开始。

④There is not anything wrong with my bike ,for I had it repaired before.

我的自行车没有坏，因为前天才让人修理的。

注意：由for引导的是一个并列句，不是原因状语从句，但有表原因的意思，

是并列连词。

四、结果状语从句

常用的引导词有：so…that（那…以至于）, such…that（那…以至于）,等。

①John got up so late that he missed breakfast.

约翰起床太迟了，以至于耽误了早餐。

②She gave us such a useful dictionary that I was very happy.

她给了我一本有用的字典以至于我很高兴。

③It is raining so heavily that we can't go out. 雨下得如此大以至于我们不能出去。

so +adj.或adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果,其中so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，当可数名词前有many, few；不可数名词前

有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many (few, much, little )+n；而such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以是可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数单数,则必须在名词前加冠词a(an). 常见的形式是:

such a (beautiful)garden, such(great)progress

①I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.

我跌了很多跤，浑身数摔得清一块紫一块。

②There are so few notebooks that I can’t give you any.

笔记本太少了,我一本也给不了你。

③It is such nice weather that I’d like to take a walk.

天气是如此之好,以至于我想去散散步。

④Mike is so honest a man that we all believe him.

麦克是如此诚实的一个人,以至于大家都相信他。

(=Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.)

⑤The weather is so nice that I’d like to take a walk.

天气是如此之好,以至于我想去散散步。

五、目的状语从句

常用的引导词有：so……that（为的是）， in order that（为的是）, in case that（以防：为了防止）等

①Take an umbrella in case(that) it rains.带把伞以防下雨。

②I take an umbrella so that(=in order that) I won't get wet in the rain.为了不被雨淋湿，我打了把伞。

六、比较状语从句

常用的引导词有：as…as（同…一样）, than（比）, not as/so…as, 特殊引导词：the more … the more …（越来...越...）等。

①My storybooks are more than yours.

我的故事书比你的多。

②She speaks English as well as her teacher.

她的要用和她的老师讲得一样好。

③The house is three times as big as ours.

　　这房子是我们的三倍大。

④The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.

　　你运动的越多，你就越健康。

七、方式状语从句

常用的引导词有：as（照…方式）, as if（好像）,as though（好像）等。

①Do it as she does. 照她的样子做这件事。

②Wang ling talks as if (as though) he knew all about it.

王玲说话的口气好像她完全都已知道了这件事。

八、让步状语从句

常用的引导词有：though (although)（尽管/虽然…但是）,even if /even though（即使）等, though /although连接状语从句时，主句中不可出现but,但可以用yet, still等 。

Though/Although it’s hard work, yet I enjoy it.

尽管这是一件很难的工作，但我乐意做。

I insisted on my own view even if /even though I was wrong.

即使我错了，我依然坚持自己的观点。

九、条件状语从句

常用的引导词有： if(如果)，unless（如果 不；除非），as long as(只要) whether(whether...or not)等

①If it rains tomorrow I will stay at home.

如果明天天下雨，我就呆在家里。

②Unless you work hard, you will fail in the exam.

除非刻苦学习，否则你会考试不及格。

③Whether you go travelling or not this summer vacation, I will.

这个暑假无论你是否去旅游，我都会去旅游的。

十 、容易混淆的连词

①though, although当虽然讲, 都不能和but连用，因为but 是并列连词，如果用了but，前面的though 引导的状语从句是不能单独存在，状语从句必须附属于主句存在，所以although,(though)…but的格式是不对的。但是他们都可以同yet (still) 连用.，所以though (although)…yet(still)的格式是正确的。

Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy.

Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy.

虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐.

Right: Although we have grown up, our parents treat us as children.

Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children.

尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩

②.because当因为讲，不能和so连用，因为so 是并列连词，如果用了so，前面的because引导的状语从句是不能单独存在的，状语从句必须附属于主句存在, 所以because…so 的格式不对。

Wrong : Because she has been ill, so she cannot go to school today.

Right: Because she has been ill, she cannot go to school today.

因为她今天病了，所以她不能去上学。

专项练习

一，选择最佳答案填空

1.My uncle went to Beijing Last year. I have not seen him _____.

A.since almost a year B. from almost a year on

C. since almost a year ago D. for a year ago

2.My grandparents are still in good health _____ they are over eighty.

A.though B. as soon as C. until D. because

3.When I got the news that the bus accident happened, I was _____ frightened _____my legs couldn’t move forward.

A．so; that B, very; that C. too; that D. too; to

4. _______ he’s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.

A. Though B. Since C. For D. So

5. In the zoo if a child _____ into the water and can’t swim, the dolphins may come up ______ him.

A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help

C. will fall; help D. falls; helping

6. We will stay at home if my aunt ________ to visit us tomorrow.

A. comes B. come C. will come D. is coming

7. I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike.

A. when B. that C. until D. because

8. I’ll go swimming with you if I ________ free tomorrow.

A. will be B. shall be C. am D. was

9. In the exam, the ________ you are, the _______ mistakes you will make.

A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest

C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; less

10. You should finish your lessons _______ you go out to play.

A. before B. after C. when D. while

11. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.

A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless

12. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _______ you have any questions.

A. which B. that C. where D. though

13. The teacher raised his voice _______ all the students could hear him.

A. for B. so that C. because D. in order

14. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot.

A. because B. as C. if D. since

15. It is ______ that we’d like to go out for a walk.

A. a lovely day B. too lovely a day

C. so lovely a day D. such lovely a day

16. Mary had ______ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day.

A. such B. so C. too D. very

17. _______ I felt very tired, I tried to finish the work.

A. Although B. Because C. As D. As if

18. ______ the day went on, the weather got worse.

A. With B. Since C. While D. As

19.Speak to her slowly ______she will understand you better.

A. as B. so that C. for D. that

20. Write to me as soon as you ________ to Beijing.

A. will get B. get C. getting D. got

二、改错

1. It’s years when I enjoyed myself so much. ______

2.After the war, a new school building was put up before there had once been a theatre. _______

3. You will be late if you leave immediately. ______

4. We won’t give up until we should fail ten times. _______

5. She doesn’t speak as good as her friend, but her written work is excellent. ________

6. The volleyball match will be put off if it will rain . _______

7.Because it has often rains recently, so our school put off the

sports meeting. _______

8.Though she has got great progress this term in all subjects, but she still works hard. ______

9.It is so a hot day that our shirts are all wet. _______

10. Please wash your school clothes first in order to you can wear them next Monday. _______

三、选择适当的引导词填空。

1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China __________ he was fifty.

2. He began to work __________ he got there.

3. Let's begin our meeting __________everyone is here.

4. I like the English people__________ I don't like their food.

5. He didn't come to the lecture __________ he was very busy.

6. __________we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.

7. They will help you __________ you meet with difficulty.

8. _________ we came to the university, we have learned quite a lot.

9.I didn't join them yesterday evening __________ I had to go to an important meeting.

10. We would try to get a car __________we could all travel together more easily.

11. She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday __________ she seldom wrote to her family.

12. The meeting became _____ disorderly __________ the speaker had to shout the audience down.

13. He was angrier __________ ever before.

14. __________ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.

15. The boy was ______tired __________ he fell asleep on the bus.

四．根据汉语意思和英语提示完成句子，每空一词。

1. 我长大后将成为一名教师。

I will be a teacher ______ ______ ______ ______ .

2.除非刻苦学习，否则你赶不上你的同班同学。

You will not catch up with your classmates _____ _______ _____ ______.

3.我们乘出租车去那里，是为了节约时间更多时间。

We went there by taxi ______ ______ ______ _____ ______ _____ _____.

4.她是那么激动，以至于说不出话了。

She is so excited _____ _____ _____ ______ _____ _______.

5.她讲英语和她的哥哥讲得一样好。

She speaks English ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _______.

6.这个星期日我们一家人去我们祖父母住的地方。

This Sunday our family will go _______ _______ ______ ______.

7.我必须快点，因为该上课了。

I must hurry up _____ ______ _____ _____ _____ ______ ______.

8.虽然学习是苦的，但是我乐在其中。

______ ______ ______ ______ _______ ,yet I enjoy It.

9.He _____ _____ _____ _____that he failed the exam again.

他出了这么多错，考试又没及格。

10.If ______ ______ _______,we will build a snowman.

如果每天下雪，我们就堆一个雪人。

五．单项选择、（状语从句与近几年中考）

1.(宁夏中考）Go back _______ you come from.

A .why B.where C.when D.how

2.（无锡中考）Could you help me with housework ______you are free today ?

A.Since . B. though C.unless D. until

3.(黄冈中考）----I can hardly believe my eyes .Is that you ,Lucy?

----Yes.It has been almost 20 years ________ we were together.

A.Since B.before C.after D.until

4.（天津中考）It was raining heavily ,_______we decided to stay at home and watch TV.

A.because B. so C.but D.after

5.（合肥市中考）They will lose the game _______ they try their best.

A.unless B.once C.since D.after

6.（成都中考）_______ I am in trouble, my classmates will help me out.

A.before B.Whenever C.Although

7.（滨州中考）The teacher asked me to read aloud --------all the students could hear me.

A.In order to B. for C. because D.in order that

8.（天津中考）______he was very tired ,he continued working in his office.

A.Since B.Although C.As soon as D.Because

9.(河南中考）He is not a perfect child.He sometimes talks back _____his parents talk with him.

A.If B. before C.when D.until

10.（黄石中考） It will be 2 years ______ we see each other again.

A.after B.before C .since D. when

11.(山西中考）Nobody believes a 92-year-old woman could run a marathon _____ she passed the finishing line. People of all ages can challenge themselves.

A.If B. since C. until

12.（安徽中考） Our business won’t improve ______ we offer better services to our customers.

A.Because B.unless C. after D.since

13.(安徽中考）Little Jack has learned to do lots of things on his own,_____he was only four years old.

A.If B.though C. for D. since

14.(安徽中考）Our world will get better and better _______ each of us lives a greener life .

A.Before B. If C.though D.until

15.(安徽中考）---What do you think of your Junior Middle School life ?

---- I think it is colourful_______ I am always busy.

A.If B. though C. while D. until

六、用括号的引导词把两个简单句连接成一个含有状语从句的复合句。

1.The students were reading English. The class teacher came into the classroom.(when)

2.Hurry up !Or you will be late. ( if )

3.Maths is a hard subject. I like it. (though)

4.There is a will. There is a way. (where)

5.We will leave for Shanghai. We receive a letter from our grandparents.( as soon as )

6.The girl didn’t jump into the lake. She couldn’t swim .(because)

7.The two young women caught the thief. The policeman got there.( before)

8.The stadium is very small .It could hardly hold more than 1000 people .(so...that )

9.She fall asleep .Her parents were talking with each other.(while)

10.The little girl didn’t stop crying .She saw her mother.( until)

11.You work hard .You will fail in the maths exam.(unless)

12.It was a cold day . The old man had to stay at home.( such ...that)

13.He has been in Beijing . He was born. (since)

14.They left early. They would arrive on time. (in order that )

15.We should give the boy another chance. He has made some mistakes. (though)

答案

一、单项选择 1---10 CAAAB ADCCA

11---20BCBAC BADBB

二、改错 1.when---since 2.there---where 3.if---unless

4.until---even if 5.good ---well 6.will rain --rains 7.so---去掉

8.But---去掉9.so a hot day ---so hot a day

10.in order to---in order that

三、每空填一词。

1. when 2.after 3. because 4. though 5.because

6.Since/As 7.if/when 8.Since 9.because 10.so that/in order that 11.though 12.so...that 13.than 14. Though 15. so...that

四、根据汉语意思和英语提示完成句子，每空一词。

1. when I grow up

2.unless you work hard

3.so that we could save more time

4.that she can’t say a word

5.as well as her brother does

6.where our grandparents live

7.because it is time to have class

8.Though/Although study is hard work

9.made so many mistakes

10.it snows tomorrow

五．单项选择、（状语从句与近几年中考）

1---10 BAABA BDBCB 11---CBBBB

六．用括号的引导词把两个简单句连接成一个含有状语从句的复合句。

1. The students were reading English when the class teacher came into the classroom.

2 If you don’t hurry up ,you will be late.

3..Though maths is a hard subject , I like it.

4. Where there is a will, there is a way.

5. We will leave for Shanghai, as soon as we receive a letter from our grandparents.

6. The girl didn’t jump into the lake, because she couldn’t swim .

7. The two young women caught the thief before the policeman got there.

8.The stadium is so small that It could hardly hold more than 1000 people .

9.She fell asleep, while her parents were talking with each other.

10.The little girl didn’t stop crying until she saw her mother.

11.Unless you work hard , you will fail in the maths exam.

12.It was such a cold day that the old man had to stay at home.

13.He has been in Beijing since he was born.

14.They left early in order that they would arrive there on time.

15. We should give the boy another chance though he has made some mistakes.