{ 情态动词 }
一、情态动词的定义:情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化;它的后面必须跟动词原形。
二、情态动词的种类:
情态动词 |
词义 |
否定形式 |
词义 |
can |
能够,会 |
can’t |
不能,不会 |
could |
能够,会 |
couldn’t |
不能,不会 |
may |
可以 |
/ |
/ |
must |
必须 |
mustn’t |
不允许,不能 |
shall |
将,要 |
/ |
/ |
should |
应该 |
shouldn’t |
不应该 |
need |
需要 |
needn’t |
不必 |
would |
将会,愿 |
wouldn’t |
不会,不愿 |
三、小学阶段需要掌握的知识点:
1.can, could(过去式)
Can + 主语+ 动词原形?
1) 表示能力。
Can you dance? 你会跳舞吗?
Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗?
Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;
2) 表示请求和允许。
--Can I go play? 我可以去玩吗?
-- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
There can be at least 50 people in this classroom.
4) 表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
Can this be true?
How can this be true?
2.may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这吸烟吗?
---- No, you mustn’t. 不,不可以。
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...?征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气,而用Can I...?在口语中更常见。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
1.He may /might be very busy now.
2.Your mother may /might not know the truth.
3.must
Must + 主语+ 动词原形?
1) 表示必须、必要。
You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).
---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
1.You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
2.Your mother must be waiting for you now.
4.should,shouldn’t表示劝告:
Should +主语+动词原形?
1.He should get up early.
2. You should go to class right away.
5.Would 表示建议“你愿意…吗”
Would you like to go shopping with me?
-----Yes, I’d love to. /I’d love to. But I’m busy now.
专项练习
一、用适当的情态动词填空。
1. Must Iborrow the book with my ID card? No, you ________.
2. ________ I use your car? Yes, you ________.
3. ________ I go home now? No, you _________ stay here.
4.My mother is ill. I _________stay at home and look after her.
5.________you like some tea?
6. You ________take more exercise.
7. The clock ________tell us the time.
二、单项选择。
( )1.you like some milk ?
A .Would B.Could C .Can
( )2.We pick the flowerin the park.
A.can’t B.don't C.mustn’t
( )3.We should more trees, and we shouldn’t cut any trees.
A.plant B.planting C.plants
( )4.-May I have some coffee?
-
A.Yes,you have. B.Yes,you can. C.Yes,certainly.
( )5.-What can I do for you?
-
A.Yes,you can. B.No,I can do it. C.Yes.I’d like some oranges.
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