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16种英语时态的详细讲解汇总|英语时态表

本专题为大家讲解了16种的用法,为大家总结了英语时态表,方便同学们更好的英语时态的结构.
英语的基本时态由三种“时”(时间),四种“态”(状态)交叉构成。
三种“时”:过去 现在 将来
四种“态”:常态 进行态 完成态 完成进行态

一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时
现在 study be studying have studied have been studying
过去 studied be studying had studied had been studying
将来 will study wil be studying will have studied will have been studying
过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying


时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
Ⅰ现在时态:四种
1.态:表示现存的状态(be动词),经常做的动作
I do it. 我(经常)做这件事。
2.态:表示正在进行的动作
I am doing it. 我(现在)正在做这件事。
3.态:表示现在已经完成,对现在产生影响,形成结果
I have done it. 我(现在)已经做完这件事了。
4.态:表示一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行)
I have been doing it. 我(现在)一直正在做这件事。

Ⅱ过去时态:四种
5.态:表示过去存在的状态(be动词),经常做的动作
I did it. 我(过去经常)做这件事。
6.态:表示过去正在进行的动作
I was doing it. 我(过去的某个时间)正在做这件事。
7.态:表示过去已经完成,对过去的某个时间产生影响,形成结果
I had done it. 我(过去的某个时间)已经做完这件事了。
8.态:表示一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行)
I had been doing it. 我(到过去的某个时间)一直在做这件事。

Ⅲ 将来时态:四种
9.态:表示将来存在的状态(be动词),将来经常做的动作
I will do it. 我将要做这件事。
10.态:表示将来正在进行的动作
I will be doing it. 我将要正在做这件事。
11.态:表示到将来的某个时间已经完成,对那个时间产生影响,形成结果
I will have done it. 我(到将来的某个时间)已经做完这件事了。
12.态:表示将来一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行)
I will have been doing it. 我(到将来的某个时间)将一直在做这件事。

Ⅳ 态:四种(平时根本用不到,只在讲故事或小说中出现)
13.一般过去将来时态:表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来存在的状态(be动词),将来经常做的动作,对现在来讲已成过去
I would do it.
14.态:表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来正在进行的动作,对现在来讲已成过去
I would be doing it.
15.态:表示对过去的某一时间来讲的到将来的某个时间已经完成,对那个时间产生影响,形成结果,对现在来讲已成过去
I would have done it.
16.态:表示对过去的某一时间来讲的将来一直在进行的动作(字面意思已经在进行),对现在来讲已成过去
I would have been doing it.

这里有16种英语时态的详细讲解,学习更多请看英语时态表:
英语时态讲解:一般现在时
一、 语法概述
  一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。
  时间状语:often 经常,usually通常,always 总是,every每个,sometimes 有时,at …在几点钟
  只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。
  三单变化:
1.多数在动词后+s play — plays like — likes
  (1)直接在动词词尾加-s.
  ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays
  (2)以字母s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es.
  watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does
  go---goes pass---passes
  (3)以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es.
  try---tries study---studies cry---cries fly---fs
2.不规则变化:
  be---- is are have----has

  二、一般现在时用法
①一般现在时常表示经常发生的动作或经常存在的状态
如: I go to school every day.
我每天上学。
②表示此状态时,通常与副词sometimes, often, usually, always, every day (year, month ), (twice, three times) a day,等时间状语连用,有时候时间状语可以不表示出来
如:Where do you live?
你住在哪里?
③由when ,while,before,after,until,as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句亦可用一般现在时态表示经常发生的动作或是状态。
如:Make hay while the sun shines.
要趁热打铁
④连词if 引导的条件从句有时也可用一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态
如:If you do not like it you may lump it.
不喜欢就忍着呗
⑤表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。
   The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.
   The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man.
   Tomorrow is Tuesday.
报纸,杂志,书籍不强调过去时间,单纯表示客观事实(即所载文字依然存在)时候,也可用一般现在时态
如:What does the newspaper say? (是什么时候的练习题目吧)
今天报纸说些什么?

   三、一般现在时的句子转换:
  (1)当句子中有be动词或时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句.
   例:①陈述句:She is a student.
  疑问句→ Is she a student?
  否定句→ She is not a student.
  ②陈述句:I can swim.
  疑问句→ Can you swim
  否定句→ I can not swim.
  (2) 当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do (you,以及复数), does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数), doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。
  例:①陈述句:We get up at 7:00 every morning.
  疑问句→Do you get up at 7:00 every morning?
  否定句→We don’t get up at 7:00 every morning.
  ②陈述句:She has a little brother.
   疑问句→ Does she have a little brother?
  否定句→ She doesn’t have a little brother.

四.一般现在时语法注意点
1.一般现在时表示现在发生的事件,动作或存在的事实。
2.一般现在时的形式:主语除第三人称单数外,其他人称用原形动词;动词be除第一人称单数用am,第三人称单数用is,其余一律用are;动词have除第三人称单数用has,其余一律用have。
3.一般现在时表示现在发生的动作,存在的状态,以及想法,情感,能力或特征。
He plays football.
他踢足球。
He is my uncle.
他是我的叔叔。
4.一般现在时表示经常性或习惯动作,常与every day,often,always,usually,sometimes等频率副词连用。
The boy often reads books after school.
这个男孩经常在放学后读书。
5.一般现在时表示真理或客观事实。
Summer follows spring.
春去夏来。
6.一般现在时可以表示将来的动作,用在由when,before,as soon as等连接的时间从句和由if等引导的条件从句中。
I will go to school as soon as I finish eating.
我一吃完饭就去上学。
7.动词,如come,go,leave,begin,start等,可用一般现在时表示将来。
My father leaves for New York next week.
我父亲下个星期去纽约。
8.动词find,hear,tell,forget等在口语中可用一般现在时代替。
I find my book at last.
I have found my book at last.
我终于找到了我的书。
9.在由here或there引导的句子中表示此刻正在发生的动作,用一般现在时代替。
There goes the bell.
铃响了。

英语时态讲解:现在进行时
一、如何理解
现在进行时就是指说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。如汉语说的“我在看书”“他在吃饭”“火车在行驶”“秘书在打字”等,在英语中都要用现在进行进来表达,因为它们所涉及的动作在说话的时刻都正在进行。

二.现在进行时的基本结构
  1.肯定句:主语+be(am, is, are)+现在分词+…… 例如:
  I am speaking with him on the phone. 我正和他通电话。
  He is playing tennis. 他正在打网球。 My parents are dancing. 我父母正在跳舞。
  2.否定句:主语+be not+现在分词+…… 例如:
  I'm not studying. 我没在学习。 She is not reading now. 现在她不是在看书。
  They are not writing. 他们没在写。
  3.一般疑问句:Be动词+主语+现在分词+……? 例如:
  (1)- Is she still helping Li Ling?
  她还在帮助李玲吗?- Yes, she is. 是的。/No, she isn't. 不,她没在帮李玲。
  (2)- Are you listening to music? 你正在听音乐吗?
  - Yes, I am. 是的。/No, I'm not. 不,我没有听音乐。
  4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+现在分词+……? 例如:
  - What are you studying? 你正在学什么? - I'm studying English. 我在学英语。
  - What is Mike doing? 迈克在做什么? ----He is watching the football match. 他在看足球比赛。

三.动词现在分词的构成方法:
(1) 一般在动词后加-ing。如:say—saying, play—playing, think—thinking, study—studying, teach —teaching, blow—blowing, build—building.
(2) 动词若以-e结尾, 则去e再加-ing。如:love—loving, make—making, guide—guiding, date—dating.
(3) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing。如:begin—beginning, regret—regretting, plan—planning, ban — banning.
(4) 在以ie结尾的动词后,改ie为y,再加-ing。如:—lying, die—dying, tie—tying.
(5) 在以-c[k] 结尾的动词后加-king。如:picnic—picnicking, panic—panicking.

四、现在进行时的用法
1. 表示正在进行
现在进行时除表示说话时正在进行的动作之外,还可表示在短期内临时进行的动作或存在的情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此,并且在说话时刻也不一定正在进行。如:
Don’t take that ler away. Your father’s using it. 别把梯子拿起,你父亲在用哩。
The professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill. 秘书生病时,教授自己打他的信。
2. 表示短期内在进行
表示在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况,这种情况通常不会长期如此。如:
Her car has broken down. She’s going to work by bike. 她的汽车坏了,骑自行车上班。
The professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill. 秘书生病时,教授自己打他的信。
这种情况在说话时不一定在发生。如:
Don’t take that ladder away. Your father’s using it. 别把梯子拿走,你父亲在用哩。(说话时不一定正在用)
3. 表示屡次发生
现在进行时有时可以与always, constantly, continually, forever等表示动作屡次发生的副词连用,强调动作的不断重复的。如:
He is always losing his keys. 他老是丢钥匙。
He is always thinking of his work.他老是想到他的工作。
She’s constantly changing her mind. 她老是改变主意。
Some students in my class are forever talking. 我班上有些学生老是在说话。
这类用法通常带有一定的情感色彩,如表示满意、赞扬、责备、不满、厌烦、不以为然等。
4. 表示计划或安排
即表示按计划或安排要发生的将来动作,这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下,通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。如:
Are you working next week? 你下星期工作吗?
We are having a few guests tonight. 今晚我们有几个客人来。
She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。
We’re spending next winter in Australia. 我们将要在度过明年。
用arrive, come, go, leave, 等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排,也通常有含有将来意义。如:
He is arriving tomorrow morning on the 16:40 train. 他乘下午4:40的火车明天上午到。

英语时态讲解:现在完成时
句型构成
基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed) e.g done
  
现在完成时用法
①肯定句中:主语+has/have+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他).
②否定句中:主语+haven't/hasn't+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.
③一般疑问句中:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他).(末尾用问号)

现在完成时用法要点
1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用,(如表示过去的时间状语)
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等,除非与for,since连用.
2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
如al(肯定,句中),yet(否定,疑问,句中),just,before,recently,still,lately,never等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.他已经获得了一份奖学金。
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).我已经很久没有看到他(最近的)。
We have seen that film before.我们以前已经看过那部电影了。
Have they found the missing child yet?他们找到失踪的孩子了吗?
3. 现在完成时态经常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing?你以前去过北京吗?
I have never heard Bunny say anything ast her.我从来没有听到Bunny说她的坏话。
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.这支钢笔我只用过三次。它仍然是好的。
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.乔治已经在好几个场合见过那个先生几次。
4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用
如now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to ,so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.彼得写了六篇论文,到目前为止。
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.人们现在已经学会了从原子核中释放能量。
There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.今年以来旧金山雨水太多。
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.我们两国之间的友好合作关系在近几年得到了提高。
Up to the present everything has been successful.到现在为止一切都是成功的。
5.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况,并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去,也有可能到现在就结束。如:
How often have you seen her? 你隔多少见她一次?
My father has always gone to work by bike. 我父亲一向骑车上班。
6.现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束。
例如:He has turned the light off .他已把灯关了。
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning / month /year...,today等)连用。
例如:Have you found your pen?你已找到你的钢笔了吗?  
7.现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻,一直延续到现在,或可能还要继续下去。
例如:He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来,他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far)等。
例如:I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意:(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词,不可用于终止性动词,即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如:come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。
8.现在完成时常和短语 "up to now /till now","so far" (意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在)连用。
Up to/till now he's read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。
I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别。
has gone to:表示某人已去了某地,而没有回来(去了没回)。
has been to :表示去过某地(去过已回来)。


现在完成时误区提醒:
(1)have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别:have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在已经回来了)”,可用于各人称;have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”,常用于第三人称,前者可与 ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

  He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

(2)如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如:It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

(3)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

  如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。
has been in:表示一直呆在某地, 常与时间段搭配(呆了很久)。


现在完成时考点例析
现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有:
一、考查其构成
"助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如:
1. Kate's never seen Chinese films,____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she
析:陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式,又因Kate's是Kate has的缩写,故选B。
2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)
His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.
析:already常用在肯定句中,yet常用在否定句、疑问句中,故填hasn't, yet。
3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have
析:"so+助/系/+主语"结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致,又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。
二、考查其用法与标志词
(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时,常用现在完成时。如:
1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?  -______you______ your homework yet?
A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished
2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______
A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed
C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed
析:据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时,故1题选D,2题选D。
(二)当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间"等时,主句常用现在完成时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,若是非延续性动词,要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如:
1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.
 A. after B. before C. since D. for
析:主句用的是现在完成时,而从句用的是,故选C。
2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.
 A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had
析:A、B、C均为非延续性动词,在肯定句中不与表"段时间"的短语连用,故选D。
3. I______a letter from him since he left.
 A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard
析:据since可知,应排除A、C,"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信",故选B。
三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如:
1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.
 A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to
析:据句中的have,排除A,B项意为"去某地了",C项意为"一直呆在某地",D项意为"去过某地",符合题意,故选D。
2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.
 A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
析:本题句中有"for+段时间"结构,据此可排除C,B项意为"去过某地",不合题意,D项缺介词,故选A。
四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如:
1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)
析:非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时,除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外,还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为:Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.
2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)
 ________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.
析:据上题分析,且since引导的从句要用一般过去时,故填It is, since, came。
3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.
 A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming
析:因我丢了票的动作发生在过去,而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果,符合现在完成时所表示的含意,故选C。

英语时态讲解:现在完成进行时

一、语法概述
现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并且还有可能持续下去。如:
Those cats have been screaming for hours. 那些猫叫了半天了。
We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我们等他等了两个小时。
The dollar has been climbing steadily all week. 整个星期美元一直在稳步增值。

二、现在完成进行时的结构
现在完成进行时由“have / has been + 现在分词”构成。如:
Sales have been dropping off badly. 销售量一直减少得很厉害。
I have been waiting for an hour and a half. 我一直等了一个半小时了。
We’ll have been living here for two years by next Sunday. 到下星期日,我们在这里就住了整两年了。

三、现在完成进行时有哪些主要用法
1. 表示“持续”:
即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。如:
She has been pruning the roses. 她一直在修剪玫瑰。
He’s been helping himself to my stationery. 他未经许可一直用我的文具。
The children have been having a lot of fun. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。
It has been raining since last Sunday. 自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。
He's been watching television all day. 他看了一天电视了。
2. 表示“重复”
即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。如:
We’ve all along been making mistakes like this. 我们一直犯这样的错误。
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week. 一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。3. 现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。如:
She is very tired. She's been typing letters all day. 她很累了,她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 她眼睛红了,她一直在哭。

四、与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语
现在完成进行时所用的时间状语:all day / month; this month / week / year; these days; recently / lately; in the past few + 时间段; since +时间点; for + 时间段,等等。如:
He has been working all day. 他整天都在工作。
They have been building the bridge for two month. 两个月来他们一直在修桥。
They have been planting trees this month. 这个月来他们一直在植树。
Car sales have been shrinking recently. 汽车销量近来一直在下降。
Vera has been trying to learn Chinese for years. 维拉努力学汉语已有好几年了。
He has been sleeping for ten hours. 他已经睡了十个小时了。
Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week. 上星期,吉姆天天晚上都给詹妮打电话。
The two parties have been trying to unite since the New Year. 自从新年以来,双方就一直在试图联手。

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