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英语里逗号的用法,这里最全,赶紧收了吧!

说到标点符号的用法,估计很多人当年或者正在学习英语时,都会很有感触,而且大多人的感触基本是:

1、老师基本没有系统教过,所以就是想着怎么用就怎么用了;

2、想学习标点符号的用法,但一直找不到适合的学习材料。

如果是这样,那就请大家跟着我一起来重新学习标点符号的用法吧。

英语中的标点符号很多,用法也繁简不一,今天就先从用法最为繁杂的逗号学起吧。

说起逗号的用法,其功能之强大,小编我是深有体会的,因为当年我的硕士毕业论文就是有关英汉语逗号的比较研究的,有兴趣的朋友可以到中国知网上查阅一下:http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10269-2004087335.htm。

记得当年答辩的时候,前后不到15分钟,考官们就让我出来了;一开始还担心得要死,以为要被“枪毙”了,后来我的导师告诉我,因为我的主题考官们都没怎么做过研究,问不出什么问题,所以就象征性地问了几个数据问题,就直接让我过了,哈哈!

好了,言归正传!接下来我就跟大家分享一下英语里逗号的基本用法。我们先来看看《新概念英语》第一册第137课的课文:

不知大家有没有注意到,课文中所有if条件句开头的句子中,if条件句都没有用逗号隔开。这在英语里实际上是一种错误,是有关逗号的用法错误。此外,课文中的最后一句话中的It's a pleasant dream后面也应该用逗号。

为什么?

请从下面的逗号用法规则中查找答案:

(一)单词和短语间

1、当有三个或三个以上并列的单词或短语时,这些单词或短语要用逗号隔开,而且最后一个单词或短语一般都会用and或or连接,如:

My estate goes to my husband, son, daughter-in-law, and nephew.

需要注意的是,这组并列的单词或短语的最后两个单词或短语,一般要用逗号隔开,这个逗号被称作牛津逗号(Oxford comma)。大部分报纸或杂志会省略这个逗号,但有的时候会因此引起歧义,如:

We had coffee, cheese and crackers and grapes.

句中的cheese and crackers其实指的是一道菜,所以最好在crackers后面加上逗号,即:

We had coffee, cheese and crackers,and grapes.

2、当两个前置形容词并列且可以调换顺序时,要用逗号隔开,如:

He is a strong, healthy man. vs. He is a healthy, strong man.

如果两个形容词的位置是不可调换的,则不能用逗号,如:

We stayed at an expensive summer resort.

我们不能说:We stayed at a summer expensive resort.

所以,也不能用逗号隔开两个形容词。

(二)句子之间

1、逗号粘连错误(Comma Splice),指的是有的作者会用逗号隔开两个独立的句子,如:

He walked all the way home, he shut the door.

这在英语里是不允许的,应该通过改变标点符号或是增加连接词改为:

  • He walked all the way home. He shut the door.

  • After he walked all the way home, he shut the door.

  • He walked all the way home, and he shut the door.

2、两个独立的句子如果用and, but, 或者or等词连接起来时,一般要在前一句话的末尾插入逗号,如:

He walked all the way home, and he shut the door.

注意:如果两个独立的句子都很短的时候,很多作者都不加逗号,如:

I paint and he writes.

3、如果前后两个句子的主语是一样的,则无需在前一个句子末尾插入逗号,如:

He thought quickly but still did not answer correctly.

注意:这种情况也有例外,需要加上逗号,以避免产生歧义,如:

【有歧义】I saw that she was busy and prepared to leave.

【无歧义】I saw that she was busy, and prepared to leave.

(三)句首开头

1、如果是以从句开头,则要在从句末尾用逗号隔开,如:

If you are not sure about this, let me know now.

2、如果开头的是介绍性短语,一般也要用逗号隔开,如:

Having finally arrived in town, we went shopping.

注意:如果这个介绍性短语只有三四个单词而且意思很明确,则无需用逗号隔开,如:

When in town we go shopping.

但是,如果会因此引起歧义,则需加上逗号,如:

Last Sunday, evening classes were canceled.

如果不加逗号,读者可能就会以为句子的主语是:last Sunday evening classes,而不是evening classes了。

3、如果介绍性短语是以介词开头引导的,则无论这个短语包含多少个单词,都无需用逗号隔开,如:

Into the sparkling crystal ball he gazed.

注意:如果开头的引导词有两个介词,则要看情况来决定是否要用逗号:

(1)介词后面如果紧跟动词谓语,则不用逗号,如:

Between your house on Main Street and my house on Grand Avenue is the mayor's mansion.

(2)介词后面如果跟的是句子的主语,则要用逗号,如:

Between your house on Main Street and my house on Grand Avenue, the mayor's mansion stands proudly.

4、如果句子开头时主句,后面紧跟从句,则主句末尾无需使用逗号,如:

Let me know now if you are not sure about this.

(四)次要成分

1、同位语,如:

My best friend, Joe, arrived.

The three items, a book, a pen, and paper, were on the table.

2、非限定性定语从句,如:

Jill, who is my sister, shut the door.

3、分词短语,如:

The man, knowing it was late, hurried home.

(五)其他用法

1、用在well, yes, why, hello, hey等呼语后面,如:

Why, I can't believe this!

No, you can't have a dollar.

2、用于隔开nevertheless, after all, by the way, on the other hand, however等插入语,如:

I am, by the way, very nervous about this.

3、用于隔开人名、外号、昵称或者头衔,如:

Will you, Aisha, do that assignment for me?

Yes, old friend, I will.

Good day, Captain.

4、用于隔开年月日,如:

It was in the Sun's June 5, 2003, edition.

注意:如果只有年和月,则无需用逗号,如:

It was in a June 2003 article.

5、用于隔开不同级别的行政区域,如:

I'm from the Akron, Ohio, area.

6、如果人名后跟有头衔或学历,则一般要在姓氏后面加上逗号,如:

Al Mooney, Sr., is here.

Al Mooney, M.D., is here.

7、在直接引语的说话者或提问者的动词后面要加上逗号,如:

He said, "I don't care."

"Why," I asked, "don't you care?"

注意:

1)如果直接引语只有一个单词,则不用逗号,如:

He said "Stop."

2)如果直接引语在说话者之前,且是陈述句,直接引语的句末要用逗号,如:

"I don't care," he said.

"Stop," he said.

3)如果只是转引某人的话,则不用逗号,如:

Is "I don't care" all you can say to me?

Saying "Stop the car" was a mistake.

8、用于隔开反意疑问句,如:

I can go, can't I?

9、用于隔开前后两个形成鲜明对照的成分,如:

That is my money, not yours.

10、用于隔开namely, that is, i.e., e.g., and for instance等表示举例说明的引导性短语,如:

You may be required to bring many items, e.g., sleeping bags, pans, and warm clothing.

11、用于隔开etc.,而且前后都要用逗号隔开,如:

Sleeping bags, pans, warm clothing, etc., are in the tent.

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