通达信选股公式大全（1）

多方炮

TJ1:=C>O AND C=H AND (C-REF(C,1))/REF(C,1)*100>=5;
TJ2:=VOLTJ4:=EVERY(MAX(C,O)>MA(C,7),3) AND CAPITAL/1000000<7;
TJ3:=C>O AND C=H;
XG:TJ1 AND REF(TJ2,1) AND REF(TJ3,2) AND TJ4;

向上跳空缺口三天不回补选股公式：

XSTK:=LOW>REF(HIGH,1);

TT1:=BARSLAST(XSTK)+1;

HH:=REF(HIGH,TT1);

不回补:=TT1<=3 AND COUNT(XSTK,TT1)>=1 AND LOW>HH AND LOW<=HH*1.01 AND NOT(EXIST(CROSS(HH,LOW),TT1));

COUNT(LOW>REF(HIGH,1),3)>0 AND 不回补;

向上跳空缺口当天不回补选股公式：

XSTK:=LOW>REF(HIGH,1);

TT1:=BARSLAST(XSTK)+1;

HH:=REF(HIGH,TT1);

不回补:=TT1=1 AND COUNT(XSTK,TT1)>=1 AND LOW>HH AND LOW>=HH*1.001 AND NOT(EXIST(CROSS(HH,LOW),TT1));

缺口:=LOW>=HH*1.001;

去ST:=IF(NAMELIKE('*ST'),0,1) AND IF(NAMELIKE('S'),0,1) AND IF(DYNAINFO(9)=0,0,1){停牌};

未补:COUNT(LOW>REF(C,1),3)>0 AND 不回补 AND 去ST;

锤子线选股公式
B:=IF(C>O,O,C);
B1:=IF(C>O,C,O);
锤子线选股:if((B-L)/ABS(C-O)>=2 and (H-B1)/ABS(C-O)<1 and c>o,1,0);

启明星+选股预警

{启明星}
VARF1:=TROUGHBARS(3,15,1)<4;
DRAWTEXT(FILTER(VARF1=1,3),48.8,'启明星'),COLORRED ;
空:=EMA((CLOSE-MA((2*CLOSE+HIGH+LOW)/4,30))/MA((2*CLOSE+HIGH+LOW)/4,30)*100,3),COLORWHITE;
STICKLINE(FILTER(VARF1=1,5) AND 多空<-10,60,0,3,0),COLORF00FF0;
STICKLINE(FILTER(VARF1=1,5),60,0,1,0),COLORYELLOW;

=================

选股预警：

VARF1:=TROUGHBARS(3,15,1)<4;
启明星:FILTER(VARF1=1,3);

平头底部形态的选股公式

K1:=ABS(LOW-REF(LOW,1))<0.02;
K2:=ABS(LOW-REF(LOW,2))<0.02;
K3:=ABS(LOW-REF(LOW,3))<0.02;
K4:=ABS(LOW-REF(LOW,4))<0.02;

K5:=ABS(LOW-LLV(LOW,5))<0.02;
K1 OR K2 OR K3 OR K4 AND K5;

20均线之上出现的平底（强势股）

K1:=ABS(LOW-REF(LOW,1))<0.02;
K2:=ABS(LOW-REF(LOW,2))<0.02;
K3:=ABS(LOW-REF(LOW,3))<0.02;
K4:=ABS(LOW-REF(LOW,4))<0.02;
K5:=LOW>MA(C,20)AND ABS(LOW-LLV(LOW,5))<0.02;
K1 OR K2 OR K3 OR K4 AND K5;

用这个公式选出来的股票，最好是回撤到前头部止跌的，是绝对强势，成功率极高。

上升三法选股

C1:=C*1.01;
O1:=O*0.99;

A1:=REF(C,3+1)-REF(O,3+1)>3;
A2:=RANGE(HHV(C,3),O1,C1) AND RANGE(HHV(O,3),O1,C1);
A3:=RANGE(LLV(C,3),O1,C1) AND RANGE(LLV(O,3),O1,C1);
A4:=RANGE(REF(O,3+1),O1,C1);
A5:=COUNT(ABS(C-O)<0.5,3+1)=3;

B1:=(REF(C,4+1)-REF(O,4+1))/REF(O,4+1)*100>2;
B2:=RANGE(HHV(C,4),O1,C1) AND RANGE(HHV(O,4),O1,C1);
B3:=RANGE(LLV(C,4),O1,C1) AND RANGE(LLV(O,4),O1,C1);
B4:=RANGE(REF(O,4+1),O1,C1);
B5:=COUNT(ABS(C-O)<0.5,4+1)=4;

E1:=(REF(C,5+1)-REF(O,5+1))/REF(O,5+1)*100>2;
E2:=RANGE(HHV(C,5),O1,C1) AND RANGE(HHV(O,5),O1,C1);
E3:=RANGE(LLV(C,5),O1,C1) AND RANGE(LLV(O,5),O1,C1);
E4:=RANGE(REF(O,5+1),O1,C1);
E5:=COUNT(ABS(C-O)<0.5,5+1)=5;

F1:=(REF(C,6+1)-REF(O,6+1))/REF(O,6+1)*100>2;
F2:=RANGE(HHV(C,6),O1,C1) AND RANGE(HHV(O,6),O1,C1);
F3:=RANGE(LLV(C,6),O1,C1) AND RANGE(LLV(O,6),O1,C1);
F4:=RANGE(REF(O,6+1),O1,C1);
F5:=COUNT(ABS(C-O)<0.5,6+1)=6;

T1:=(C-O)/O*100>3;
T2:=(A1 AND A2 AND A3 AND A4 AND A5) OR (B1 AND B2 AND B3 AND B4 AND B5) OR (E1 AND E2 AND E3 AND E4 AND E5) OR (F1 AND F2 AND F3 AND F4 AND F5);

T1 AND T2;

kdj的J从上向下穿越O轴发出信号

RSV:=(CLOSE-LLV(LOW,9))/(HHV(HIGH,9)-LLV(LOW,9))*100;
K:=SMA(RSV,3,1),COLORWHITE;
D:=SMA(K,3,1),COLORYELLOW;
J:=3*K-2*D,COLORFF00FF;
xg:cross(0,j);

量比大于1 同时换手大于2的公式
xg:v/ref(v,1)>1 and AMOUNT/CAPITAL*100>2;

30日均线走平或走高的个股（可修改）

xg:ma(c,30)>ref(ma(c,30),1);

连续三日收阳 后日收盘高于前日 且每日收于当日最高价附近每日涨幅不大于4%

选股:count(c>o and c>ref(c,1) and abs((h-c)/c)<0.01 and c/ref(c,1)<1.04,3)=3;

第一天收阴，第二天，第三天，第四天，收出红三兵

XG:REF(C,3)O,3)=3;

5日均线倾角大于60度

X:(ATAN((MA(C,5)/REF(MA(C,5),1)-1)*100)*180/3.1415926)>60;

也可以这样：

X:(ATAN((EMA(C,5)/REF(EMA(C,5),1)-1)*100)*180/3.1415926)>60;

“中阴之后，跳拉阳”

c/ref(c,1)>1.05;

MACD在8天以内两次金叉

DIFF:=(EMA(CLOSE,12) - EMA(CLOSE,26));
DEA:=EMA(DIFF,9),COLORBLUE,LINETHICK0;
MACD:=2*(DIFF-DEA);
w1:cross(DIFF,dea);
xg:count(w1,8)>=2;

3根阳线，并且第二根阳线的量比第一根小，第三根的量比第二根小

EY:=CLOSE>OPEN;
ZL:=VOLXG:SUM(EY,3)=3 AND SUM(ZL,3)=3;

昨天大涨今收阴十字星大于昨收盘：

昨天大涨:=REF(C,1)/REF(C,2)>1.05;
阴十字星:=H/L>1.015 AND O>C AND H>O AND C>L AND O/C<1.005;
大于昨收盘:=C>REF(C,1);
选股:昨天大涨 AND 阴十字星 AND 大于昨收盘;

综合选股
1.换手率大于3%；2.量比大于2倍；3.现价小于10元；4.流通盘小于2亿股；5.每股收益大于0.1元；6.涨幅大于3%；7.MACD的DIFF上穿DEA，金叉；

X1:=DYNAINFO(37)>0.03;
X2:=DYNAINFO(17)>2;
X3:=C<10;
X4:=CAPITAL/1000000<2;
X5:=FINANCE(33)>0.1;
X6:=(C-REF(C,1))/REF(C,1)>0.03;
X7:=CROSS(MACD.DIF,MACD.DEA);
XG:X1 AND X2 AND X3 AND X4 AND X5 AND X6 AND X7;

均线多头排列
A1:=MA(C,N1);
A2:=MA(C,N2);
A3:=MA(C,N3);
A4:=MA(C,N4);
COUNT(A1>A2 AND A2>A3 AND A3>A4,3);

低位密集
A1:=COST(85);
A2:=COST(15);
A3:=A1-A2;
A4:=(A1+A2)/2;
A5:=A3/A4*100<10;
B1:=HHV(H,120);
B2:=LLV(L,120);
B3:=B1-B2;
B4:=(A4-B2)< B3/2;
A5 AND B4;

均线粘合：

设均线为a1,a2,a3

ff:=max(max(a1,a2),a3);
bb:=min(min(a1,a2),a3);
zz:=(ff/bb-1)*100<1;
count(zz,3)=3;

低位金叉选股
DIFF:=EMA(DCLOSE,12)-EMA(DCLOSE,26);
DEA:=EMA(DIFF,9);
MACD:=(DIFF-DEA)*2;
低位金叉:CROSS(DIFF,DEA) AND DIFF<-0.1;

二次金叉选股
DIFF:=EMA(DCLOSE,12)-EMA(DCLOSE,26);
DEA:=EMA(DIFF,9);
MACD:=(DIFF-DEA)*2;
JCCOUNT:=COUNT(CROSS(DIFF,DEA),BARSLAST(DEA>=0));
二次金叉:CROSS(DIFF,DEA) AND DEA<0 AND COUNT(JCCOUNT=2,21)=1;

绝地反弹
（1）
VAR1:=REF(LOW,1);
VAR2:=SMA(ABS(LOW-VAR1),13,1)/SMA(MAX(LOW-VAR1,0),13,1)*100;
VAR3:=EMA(IF(CLOSE*1.2,VAR2*13,VAR2/13),13);
VAR4:=LLV(LOW,34);
VAR5:=HHV(VAR3,34);
VAR6:=IF(LLV(LOW,55),1,0);
VAR7:=EMA(IF(LOW<=VAR4,(VAR3+VAR5*2)/2,0),3)/618*VAR6;
XL1:=MA(LOW,2)*0.96;
XL2:=MA(LOW,26)*0.85;
XL3:=REF(XL1,1)启动:=IF(XL3,0,VAR7*3),COLORRED;
XG:启动>25;

（2）
BACKSET( (REF(CLOSE,1)CLOSE>OPEN AND ABS(CLOSE-REF(CLOSE,1))/CLOSE<0.002),2);
A2:=FILTER(A1<=V3,10);
ND CAPITAL<300000000
REF(V,1) = LLV(V,4) AND V >=REF(V,1)
HHV(V,3)=REF(V,1) AND HHV(V,5)=REF(V,1) AND HHV(V,21)=REF(V,1)
AND V >=REF(V,1)
01>0 AND T02>0;

聚宝盆
DIFF:=EMA(CLOSE,SHORT)-EMA(CLOSE,LONG);
DEA:=EMA(DIFF,M);
MACD2:=2*(DIFF-DEA);
HHV(MACD2,4)<0 AND MACD2>REF(MACD2,1) AND REF(MACD2,1)(MACD2,3);

强势股
{SJXXG四均线选股}
MA3:=MA(C,3);
MA5:=MA(C,5);
MA10:=MA(C,10);
MA20:=MA(C,20);
V0:=MA(C,3)>REF(MA(C,3),1) AND MA(C,5)>REF(MA(C,5),1) AND C>MA(C,3)
AND MA(C,3)>MA(C,5) ; {均线C,MA3,MA5多头排列并向上；}
角度MA3:=ATAN((MA3/REF(MA3,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
角度MA5:=ATAN((MA5/REF(MA5,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
角度MA10:=ATAN((MA10/REF(MA10,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
角度MA20:=ATAN((MA20/REF(MA20,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
选股MA20:IF(角度MA3>45 AND 角度MA5>45 AND 角度MA10>60 AND 角度MA20>45 AND MA(C,250)>REF(MA(C,250),1),
1,0),COLOR00FF00;
{设计思路：
1.3日均线角度大于45度；
2:5日均线角度大于45度；
3:10日均线角度大于60度；
4.20日均线角度大于45度；
5.MA250向上；};

紫色冲关
(1).
CROSS( CLOSE,MA(C,30))
AND CLOSE>MA(C,22) AND CLOSE>MA(C,30)AND
COUNT(MA(CLOSE,13)>REF(MA(CLOSE,13),1),1)
AND COUNT(MA(CLOSE,8)>REF(MA(CLOSE,8),1),1)
AND COUNT(MA(CLOSE,20)>REF(MA(CLOSE,20),1),1)
AND CLOSE/OPEN>1.015
AND DYNAINFO(37)>0.2% COLORLIBLUE;

(2).
QSXS:=MA(CLOSE,8)>REF(MA(CLOSE,8),1) AND MA(CLOSE,3)>REF(MA(CLOSE,3),1) AND MA(CLOSE,5)>REF(MA(CLOSE,5),1);
DXJC:=CROSS(CLOSE,MA(C,21)) AND CLOSE>MA(C,13) AND CLOSE/OPEN>1.015;
HSL:=VOL/CAPITAL*100;
选股:QSXS AND DXJC AND HSL>2;

(3).
{SJXXG四均线选股}
MA3:=MA(C,1);
MA5:=MA(C,3);
MA10:=MA(C,5);
MA20:=MA(C,10);
V0:=MA(C,1)>REF(MA(C,1),0.5) AND MA(C,3)>REF(MA(C,3),0.5) AND C>MA(C,1)
AND MA(C,1)>MA(C,1) ; {均线C,MA3,MA5,MA10,MA20多头排列并向上；}
角度MA3:=ATAN((MA3/REF(MA3,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
角度MA5:=ATAN((MA5/REF(MA5,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
角度MA10:=ATAN((MA10/REF(MA10,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
角度MA20:=ATAN((MA20/REF(MA20,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
选股MA20:IF(角度MA3>50 AND 角度MA5>40 AND 角度MA10>30
AND 角度MA20>20 AND MA(C,250)>REF(MA(C,250),1),
1,0),COLOR00FF00;
{设计思路：
1.1日均线角度大于40度；
2:3日均线角度大于40度；
3:5日均线角度大于50度；
4.10日均线角度大于40度；
5.MA135向上；};

(4).
{SJXXG四均线选股}
MA3:=MA(C,5);
MA5:=MA(C,10);
MA10:=MA(C,15);
MA20:=MA(C,20);
V0:=MA(C,5)>REF(MA(C,10),1) AND MA(C,10)>REF(MA(C,15),1)
AND MA(C,15)>MA(C,20) ; {均线C,MA3,MA5多头排列并向上；}
角度MA3:=ATAN((MA3/REF(MA3,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
角度MA5:=ATAN((MA5/REF(MA5,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
角度MA10:=ATAN((MA10/REF(MA3,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
角度MA20:=ATAN((MA20/REF(MA5,1)-1)*100)*180/3.1416;
选股MA20:IF(角度MA3>42 AND 角度MA5>25 AND 角度MA10>15 AND 角度MA20>10
AND MA(C,135)>REF(MA(C,135),1),
1,0),COLOR00FF00;
{设计思路：
1.3日均线角度大于30度；
2:5日均线角度大于40度；
3:10日均线角度大于45度；
4.20日均线角度大于40度；
5.MA135向上；};

5日最底
V5:=LLV(V,5);
QSXS:=MA(CLOSE,5)>REF(MA(CLOSE,5),1) AND MA(CLOSE,8)>REF(MA(CLOSE,8),1)
AND MA(CLOSE,21)>REF(MA(CLOSE,21),1);
DXJC:=CROSS(CLOSE,MA(C,21)) AND CLOSE>MA(C,21) AND CLOSE/OPEN>1.015;
HSL:=VOL/CAPITAL*100;
选股:V5 AND QSXS AND DXJC AND HSL>2;
1....{蓄势待发}
V0:=EMA(C,5);
EMA10:=EMA(C,10);
EMA20:=EMA(C,20);
EMA30:=EMA(C,30);
EMA60:=EMA(C,60);
M1:=1000*EMA10/EMA60<=1015 AND 1000*EMA10/EMA60>=975;
M2:=1000*EMA20/EMA60<=1020 AND 1000*EMA20/EMA60>=980;
M3:=1000*EMA30/EMA60<=1015 AND 1000*EMA30/EMA60>=985;
M4:=M1 AND M2 AND M3 AND CROSS(V0,EMA10);
M5:=M1 AND M2 AND M3 AND CROSS(V0,EMA30);
T1:=1000*EMA10/EMA30<=1010 AND 1000*EMA10/EMA30>=990;
T2:=1000*EMA20/EMA30<=1010 AND 1000*EMA20/EMA30>=990;
T3:=T1 AND T2 AND CROSS(V0,EMA10);
T4:=T1 AND T2 AND CROSS(V0,EMA30);
M4 OR M5 OR T3 OR T4;

短线之王
VAR1:=(-100)*(HHV(HIGH,3)-CLOSE)/(HHV(HIGH,3)-LLV(LOW,3));
CROSS(VAR1,-87) AND OPEN=1.099*REF(CLOSE,1) AND INDEXC>0.98*REF(INDEXC,1) AND CLOSE<=1.47*LLV
(CLOSE,58);

枪挑小梁王
W1:=C=HHV(C,20);
W2:=BARSLAST(W1);
W3:=IF(W2>0,REF(C,W2),REF(C,W2));
W4:=CROSS(C,REF(W3,1));
枪挑小梁王:W4 AND COUNT(W4,5)=1;


财务突破选股
{财务突破选股公式-明灯侠客－通信达专用}
年认同价:=MA(C,240);
价格中枢:=(SUM(年认同价,0)/(BARSSINCE(年认同价>0)+239));
箱顶:=价格中枢*1.2;
箱底:=价格中枢*0.8;
毛利润率:=FINANCE(21)/FINANCE(20);
成长价值:=年认同价*(1+毛利润率);
收益价值:=年认同价+FINANCE(33);
回调认同:=EMA(EXPMA(C,20),13);
多头:=(回调认同>REF(回调认同,1))AND(成长价值>REF(成长价值,1))AND(收益价值>REF(收益价值,1))AND(DYNAINFO(7)>0);
回调条件:=COUNT(C<回调认同,5)>=3;
回调突破:=(REF(C,1)<=REF(回调认同,1))AND(C>回调认同)AND(回调条件)AND 多头;
成长条件:=COUNT(C<成长价值,5)>=3;
成长突破:=(REF(C,1)<=REF(成长价值,1))AND(C>成长价值)AND(成长条件)AND 多头;
收益条件:=COUNT(C<收益价值,5)>=3;
收益突破:=(REF(C,1)<=REF(收益价值,1))AND(C>收益价值)AND(收益条件)AND 多头;
箱底条件:=COUNT(C<箱底,5)>=3;
箱底突破:=(REF(C,1)<=REF(箱底,1))AND(C>箱底)AND(箱底条件)AND 多头;
价格条件:=COUNT(C<价格中枢,5)>=3;
价格突破:=(REF(C,1)<=REF(价格中枢,1))AND(C>价格中枢)AND(价格条件)AND 多头;
箱顶条件:=COUNT(C<箱顶,5)>=3;
箱顶突破:=(REF(C,1)<=REF(箱顶,1))AND(C>箱顶)AND(箱顶条件)AND 多头;
突破买点:(回调突破+成长突破+收益突破+箱底突破+价格突破+箱顶突破);

横盘是银
VAR1:=(CLOSE-LLV(LOW,9))/(HHV(HIGH,9)-LLV(LOW,9))*100;
VAR2:=SMA(VAR1,3,1);
VAR3:=SMA(VAR2,3,1);
VAR4:=EMA(CLOSE,12)-EMA(CLOSE,26);
VAR5:=EMA(VAR4,9);
VAR6:=2*(VAR4-VAR5);
COUNT(CROSS(VAR2,VAR3),2)>=1 AND COUNT(CROSS(VAR6,0),5)>=1 AND MA(CLOSE,5)>MA(CLOSE,10) AND MA(CLOSE,10)>MA(CLOSE,20) AND
CLOSE>MA(CLOSE,5);
{“短线是银”的使用说明：
此组合选择比较简单，初学者易于掌握，短线有一定可操作性与准确性。但只适合于3天内的短线炒作，不能确定长期趋势。
选股设置：
2日内KD金叉，5日内MACD金叉，均线5日，10日，20日多头排列，收盘价涨过5日均线。};

黑马起步选股
VAR5:=EMA(SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,100))/(HHV(HIGH,100)-LLV(LOW,100))*100,8,1),3);
选股:CROSS(VAR5,15) OR CROSS(VAR5,20) OR CROSS(VAR5,25);

起攀选股
{起攀选股}
VAR6:=(2*C+H+L)/4;
VAR7:=LLV(L,27);
VAR8:=HHV(H,27);
攀登:=EMA((VAR6-VAR7)/(VAR8-VAR7)*100,13)-50;
金山:=EMA(0.618*REF(攀登,1)+0.382*攀登,3);
起攀:CROSS(攀登,金山) AND C/REF(C,1)>1.02;

中短波选股
{中短波选股}
HZ:=EMA(CLOSE,13);
短波:=EMA(HZ,1);
中波:=EMA(HZ,26);
均线148天:=EMA(C,148);
成本:=SUM(AMOUNT,0)/SUM(VOL,0)/100;
HZ2:=EMA(HZ,8);
CROSS(短波,HZ2);
{结合中短波主图使用};

黑马摇篮之大黑马
{黑马摇篮之大黑马}
SS1:=(LOW+HIGH+CLOSE*2)/4;
SS2:= MA(SS1,4);
SS3:=HHV(SS2,10);
SS4:=MA(SS3,3);
SS5:=1.25*SS4-0.25*SS3;
XKKJ:=IF(SS5>SS3,SS3,SS5);
FF1:=LLV(SS2,10);
FF2:=MA(FF1,3);
FF3:=1.25*FF2-0.25*FF1;
DKKJ:=IF(FF3MA13:=MA(C,13);
ZDHM:=CROSS(C,DKKJ) AND CROSS(C,MA13) AND CROSS(C,XKKJ);
ZHM:=CROSS(C,MA13) AND CROSS(C,XKKJ);
大黑马:ZDHM OR ZHM;

黑马摇篮之小黑马
{黑马摇篮之小黑马}
A:=(3*CLOSE+LOW+OPEN+HIGH)/6;
D1:=(20*A+19*REF(A,1)+18*REF(A,2)+17*REF(A,3)+16*REF(A,4)+15*REF(A,5)+14*REF(A,6)
+13*REF(A,7)+12*REF(A,8)+11*REF(A,9)+10*REF(A,10)+9*REF(A,11)+8*REF(A,12)
+7*REF(A,13)+6*REF(A,14)+5*REF(A,15)+4*REF(A,16)+3*REF(A,17)+2*REF(A,18)+
REF(A,20))/211;
D2:=EMA(D1,2);
D3:=EMA(D2,2);
K1:=EMA(D3,2);
小黑马:CROSS(D1,K1);

蓄势待发
V0:=EMA(C,5);
EMA10:=EMA(C,10);
EMA20:=EMA(C,20);
EMA30:=EMA(C,30);
EMA60:=EMA(C,60);
M1:=1000*EMA10/EMA60<=1015 AND 1000*EMA10/EMA60>=975;
M2:=1000*EMA20/EMA60<=1020 AND 1000*EMA20/EMA60>=980;
M3:=1000*EMA30/EMA60<=1015 AND 1000*EMA30/EMA60>=985;
M4:=M1 AND M2 AND M3 AND CROSS(V0,EMA10);
M5:=M1 AND M2 AND M3 AND CROSS(V0,EMA30);
T1:=1000*EMA10/EMA30<=1010 AND 1000*EMA10/EMA30>=990;
T2:=1000*EMA20/EMA30<=1010 AND 1000*EMA20/EMA30>=990;
T3:=T1 AND T2 AND CROSS(V0,EMA10);
T4:=T1 AND T2 AND CROSS(V0,EMA30);
M4 OR M5 OR T3 OR T4;