2022年新高考I卷 英语试题及译文

2022新高考I卷

真题精讲 | 2022年高考英语试题（全国乙卷 ）阅读理解全文翻译

第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature

Grading Scale

90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.

Essays (60%)

Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3= 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.

Group Assignments (30%)

Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.

Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Test/Group Work/Homework (10%)

Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.

Late Work

An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.

21. Where is this text probably taken from?

A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.

22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?

A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.

23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?

A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.

C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.

译文

文学导论的评分政策

分级表

90-100，A；80-89，B；70-79，C；60-69，D；60分以下，E；

论文(60%)

您的四篇主要论文将结合起来构成本课程成绩的主要部分:论文1=10%；论文2-15%；论文3=15%；论文4=20%。

小组作业(30%)

学生将在课程期间分组完成四项作业(作业)。所有作业将在指定日期之前通过我们的在线学习和课程管理系统Blackboard提交。

日常工作/课堂写作和测试/小组工作/家庭作业(10%)

课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成简短的课堂写作或测试，这些作品或测试直接来自前一节课的讲座/讨论的指定阅读或笔记，因此在课堂上仔细做笔记很重要。此外，我会不时分配在课堂上完成的小组作业或在家中完成的短期作业，这两项作业都将被评分。

迟交的作业

截止日期之前未在课堂上提交的论文将因每延迟一节课而降低一个字母等级。如果在到期日后的第4天之前没有上交，将得零分。上课期间未完成的每日作业将得到零。由于借口缺席而错过的短篇文章将被接受。

B

Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.

In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away - from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.

Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”

If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time - but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.

Such methods seem obvious, yer so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.” Curtin says.

24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?

A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.

C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.

25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?

A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.

C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.

26. What does Curtin’s company do?

A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.

C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.

27. What does Curtin suggest people do?

A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.

C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.

译文

像我们大多数人一样，我总是留心浪费掉的食物。芝麻菜(芝麻菜)用来做一份美味的绿色沙拉，使一顿烤鸡晚餐变的圆满。但最后我工作到很晚。然后朋友们打电话来，邀请共进晚餐。我把鸡塞进了冰箱里。但随着时间的流逝，芝麻菜变质了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西。我本可以用我扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。

在一个每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界里，“食物浪费违背了道德品质”，正如伊丽莎白·罗伊特(Elizabeth Rovte)在本月的封面故事中所写的那样。令人瞠目结舌的是，有多少完美的食物被扔掉了-从杂货店拒绝的“丑陋”(但相当可吃)的蔬菜到扔进餐馆垃圾桶的大量未吃的菜肴。

生产无人食用的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水，养料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将成为世界第三大温室气体生产国。

如果这很难理解，咱们就把它当作冰箱后面的芝麻菜一样简单。迈克·科廷(MikeCurtin)一直在看我的芝麻菜故事-但对他来说，这更像是临近尾期的12盒捐赠的草莓。科廷是华盛顿区中央厨房的首席执行官，这个中央厨房可以恢复食物并将其转化为健康的膳食。去年，它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵(有瑕疵的)产品回收了超过807，500磅的食物，否则这些产品会在田间腐烂。草莓呢?志愿者将清洗，切割，冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上用餐时使用。

这样的方法似乎是显而易见的，我们常常只是不这么认为。“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周购物中不购买超过必要食物，还是要求餐馆不要上你不会吃的配菜。

C

The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.

The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.

Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.

“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.

“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”

There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.

Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”

Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”

28. What is the purpose of the project?

A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.

C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.

29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?

A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.

C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.

30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?

A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.

31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?

A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.

C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.

译文

伦敦养老院给老人母鸡让他们去照顾，以防止他们感到孤独。

该项目由当地慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独感，提升老年人的幸福感。它也被用来帮助患有痴呆症的患者，痴呆症是一种严重的精神疾病。养老院的工作人员报告说，在使用母鸡的养老院，药物的使用有所减少。

参与该项目的人中有80岁的Ruth Xavier。她说:“我年轻时养过母鸡，每天早上上学前都要准备它们的早餐。”

“我非常喜欢这个项目。早上把母鸡赶出去，我坐在轮椅上感到失落，晚上看着它们去睡觉，我也感到失落。”

“有不同的关注点是件好事。人们一直带着他们的孩子进来看母鸡，居民们来坐在外面看它们。我很喜欢这些创意活动，做一些有用的事情感觉很棒。

现在，东北20家养老院里有700名老人在照顾母鸡，并且该慈善机构已获得财政支持，在全国范围内推广。

PenfoldStreet60号的额外护理经理WendyWilson是首批开始进行该项目的人之一，她说:“居民们非常喜爱这个项目的想法和创意环节。我们期待着这个项目能给这里的人们带来的好处和乐趣。

NottingHill Pathways的主任LynnLewis说:“我们很高兴参与这个项目。这将真正有助于我们的居民通过共同的兴趣和创造性的活动建立联系。

D

Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m”and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.

More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.

They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.

The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.

Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.

This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.

32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?

A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.

33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?

A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.

B. They could not open and close their lips easily.

C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.

D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.

34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?

A. Supporting evidence for the research results.

B. Potential application of the research findings.

C. A further explanation of the research methods.

D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.

35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?

A. It is key to effective communication.

B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.

C. It is a complex and dynamic system.

D. It drives the evolution of human beings.

译文

人类语言包含2000多种不同的音，从常见的“m”和“a”到一些非洲南部语言中罕见的吸气音。但是，为什么某些音比其他音更常见呢?一项为期五年的开创性研究表明，与饮食相关的人类咬合变化导致了新的语音，现在世界上有一半的语言都可以听到这种声音。

30多年前，学者查尔斯·霍克特(CharlesHockett)指出，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软食物的社会语言中更为常见。现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的Damián Blasi领导的一组研究人员已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么出现的。

他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，这使得很难发出唇齿音，唇齿音是通过触摸下唇到上牙而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了一个覆咬合结构，使得发出这种唇齿音变得更容易了。

研究小组表明，这种咬合的变化与新石器时代农业的发展有关。在这时候，食物变得更容易咀嚼。颚骨不必做那么多工作，所以没有长得那么大。

对语言数据库的分析还证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的语音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年中，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然未找到。

这项研究推翻了一种流行观点，即当人类在大约30万年前进化时，所有人类语音都存在。“自人类出现以来，我们使用的语音集并不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的种类繁多的语音是生物变化和文化革新等事务进行复杂相互作用的产物，”研究小组成员StevenMoran说。

第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分。满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read: “ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.

So, how do you find a workout partner?

First of all, decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.

You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful response. 38 If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.

My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39

You and your partner will probably have different skills. 40 Over time, both of you will benefit-your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.

A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.

B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.

C. You'll work harder if you train with someone else.

D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?

E. How can you write a good "seeking training partner" notice?

F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.

G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.

译文

《健身》杂志最近刊登了一篇名为“感谢你健身伙伴的五个理由”，其中一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你真的会出现”，另一条则写着：“ 36 ”。和健身搭档一起，你会增加你的训练努力，因为有一个微妙的竞争.

那么，如何找到健身搭档呢？

首先，确定你想从那个人身上得到什么。37 或者你只是想要身体健康，能够动起来有力量和灵活性？想想你想和你的锻炼伙伴一起做的运动。

你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你正在寻找的事物，但它可能不会导致一个有用的回应。38 如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人必须属于同一个健身房。

我的搭档把她的要求贴在当地一个公园的告示板上。她的布告包括她想做什么样的训练，一周几天，每次训练要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。还列出了她喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。 39

你和你的伙伴可能会有不同的技能。40 经过一段时间后，你们两个都将受益----你的伙伴将能够举起更多的重量，你将变得更健康。你们之间关系的核心是，你们将永远在那里帮助对方。

A.第一次见面可能会有点尴尬。

B..健身搭档通常需要住在附近。

C.如果你和别人一起训练，你会更加努力。

D.你想在你喜欢的运动中成为一个更好的运动员吗？

E.如何写好一篇“寻找训练伙伴”的通知？

F.接受你们之间的差异，学会与他人合作。

G .寻找训练伙伴的任何通告都应包括此类信息。

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.

Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 -he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.

Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 52 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were 53 .

Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 , wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.

41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries

42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled

43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried

44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid

45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D.as for

46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed

47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off

48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded

49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed

50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix

51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal

52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly

53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right

54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement

55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict

译文

在过去的十年里，我的丈夫、我们的孩子和我有着非常棒的露营经历。

我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在我们的孩子很小的时候。有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。我担心我们15个月大的孩子会掉进小溪里. 我在他的腰上系了一根绳子，让他靠近我们的位置。这持续了大约十分钟。他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了。所以我没再把他绑起来，而是密切关注他。这样做很有效果——他最终没有掉进小溪里。然而，我三岁的儿子却掉进了小溪里。

还有一次，我们在瓦莱西托湖租了一艘船。当我们出发时，天空是晴朗的，但暴风雪在山中快速移动，这很快就打断了我们平静的上午旅行。风变大了，雷声隆隆。我丈夫停止钓鱼来启动马达。不管用。他又试了一次。运气不好。d发动机坏了，我们被困在湖中。当我们都无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子，然后拖着我们回来了。然后我们就安全了。

现在，每年当我丈夫把露营车拉出车库时，我们都充满了兴奋感，想知道接下来我们会经历什么露营乐趣和冒险。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Part, the GPNP will be one of the first national park in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations". The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.

Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.

译文

中国政府最近敲定了建立大熊猫国家公园的计划。覆盖面积大约是黄石国家公园面积的三倍,大熊猫国家公园将是该国第一批国家公园之一。该计划将保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区置于一个管理机构之下，以提高效率并减少管理上的不一致性。

经过三年的试验期，大熊猫国家公园将于明年正式成立。该设计是为了反映“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，以及为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善独立的大熊猫种群和家园的连接性，最终达到一个期望的野生种群数量。

大熊猫也是一个保护伞物种, 保护中国西南和西北地区的大量动植物。大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫栖息地范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，以及显著改善该地区生态系统的健康。

试题参考答案

‍阅读理解：

21-23 CBA 24-27 BBDA 28-31 DBCA 32-35DCAC

七选五 CDBGF

第三部分 语言知识运用

41-45 CADCB 46-50 ADBAC 51-55 ADCDB

语法填空：

56.Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed

61.and 62. populations 63.eventually 64.as 65. that