学习英语过程中,准确掌握一些形容词及其近义词之间的差别是非常重要的,这有助于提高我们对语言运用的精准把握!中学阶段常见的近义形容词有:
(一)beautiful/pretty/nice
*beautiful: adj,常作定语,表“美丽的、漂亮的”之意,语气比pretty强,多指内在美、程度很深的美。外国人一般少用beautiful夸人。
*pretty: adj,表“美丽可爱的”之意,多指小孩、妇女,其美仅仅是beautiful的一部分,程度没有beautiful深。作副词时,修饰形容词,相当于very。
*nice: adj,表“美丽的、友好的、好心的、令人愉快的”之意,可以作定语或表语。
(1) This is a pretty good plan.
(2) She is a pretty girl.
(3) We have a beautiful house.
(4) It is nice of you to come to see me.
(5) It is nice to visit Chengdu with my parents.
(二)alone/lonely
*lonely: adj,表“孤独的”之意,作定语或表语,具有主观感情色彩。
*alone: adj/adv,表“单独、独自”之意,做表语和状语,带有客观性。
(1) His parents live alone in a small village, but they don't feel lonely.
(三)older/elder
*elder: 表“年长的”之意,指的是兄弟姐妹之间的长幼,不可与than连用。
*older: 表“年纪较大的、较老的,物品比较旧的”之意,作定语或表语,可以和than 连用。
(1) His elder brother bought him a new bicycle yesterday.
(2) He is taller than Bill though Bill is older than him.
(四)quick/fast/soon
*quick: adj,表“快”之意,指在较短时间内发生或者完成某个动作。其副词是quickly。
*fast: adj/adv,主要用作副词,表“快”之意,指运动着的人或物体的速度快。
*soon: adv,表“不久、很快”之意,指时间快。
(1) The boy ran with quick steps to the classroom.
(2) Remember to call me back. We hope to receive your news soon.
(3) I can't tell you the exact time, because my watch goes a few minutes faster.
(五)ill/sick
*sick: adj,表“生病的”之意,作表语或定语;表“厌烦的”,只能做表语,后常跟介词of。
*ill: adj,表“生病的”之意,只作表语;表“坏的、有害的”时,只作定语。
(1) He was ill yesterday, so he didn't come to school.
(2) She can't go out to play, because she had to look after her sick mother.
(六)true/real
*real: 表“真实的、名副其实的、真的”之意,强调客观性。
*true: 表“真正的、正确的”之意,强调与实际情况相符合。
(1) This is a real golden watch.
(2) Is it true that you will go to Shanghai for summer vacation ?
(七)pleased/pleasant
*pleased: 作表语,与with连用,表“对…感到满意”之意,相当于be satisfied with …。
*pleasant: 作定语或表语,表“令人愉快的,令人高兴的”之意。
(1) The girl has a pleasant voice.
(2) My Chinese teacher was pleased with my progress in study.
(八)large/big
*big: 表“大的”之意,其表示在数量、尺寸、大小等方面超过了正常范围,此时与large没有区别。除此之外,big还可以表示“重要的、年长的、程度深的”之意,而large没有这些意义。
*large: 表“大的”之意,多用在表数量、范围、规模、容量等方面;除此之外,其在表尺寸、大小、数量等方面和big用法一致。
(1) Look at the dark cloud. There is going to be a big storm.
(2) Russia is a large producer of wheat.
(3) It is no big deal. 这没什么大不了的(固定搭配)。
(4) The criminal is still at large. 罪犯仍逍遥法外。
(九)famous/well-known
*famous: 表“出名的”意义,语气比well-known强,多用于表“好的”意思。
*well-known: 表“出名的”之意,可用于表“好的”意思,也可以用于表“坏的”意思。
(1) The boy was well-known for his carelessness in math.
(2) Beijing is famous for its history and scenery.
(十)good/well
*good: adj,表“物品质量好、人的品质好”,其副词是well。
*well: 做副词时,表“好”之意;做形容词时,表“身体好”。
(1) He can play the piano well.
(2) He is a good student.
(3) My grandparents are well.
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