全球自身免疫性疾病病例激增，专家：快餐饮食是重要诱因
据英国《卫报》报道，全球越来越多的人正在承受自身免疫性疾病带来的痛苦。目前，全球自身免疫性疾病病例每年增长3%至9%。科学家认为，快餐饮食等外在因素是导致病患增加的重要原因。有证据表明快餐饮食会影响人体内的微生物群，从而引发自身免疫性疾病。
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伦敦弗兰西斯克里克研究所的两位世界专家詹姆斯·李（James Lee）和卡罗拉· 维努埃萨（ ）已经成立独立研究小组，研究导致自身免疫性疾病的确切原因。
“ of cases began to about 40 years ago in the west,” Lee told the . “, we are now some in that never had such .
詹姆斯·李告诉《观察家报》：“大约40年前，西方的自身免疫病例开始增加。然而，我们现在看到一些以前从未出现此类病患的国家出现了这种疾病。”
For , the in bowel cases has been in the East and east Asia. that they had seen the .”
“例如，近段时间中东和东亚地区的炎性肠病病例增加最多。此前，这些地区几乎没有出现过这种疾病。”
range from type 1 to , bowel and .In each case, the gets its wires and turns on of .
自身免疫性疾病包括1型糖尿病、类风湿性关节炎、炎性肠病和多发性硬化症。上述每种疾病都会使免疫系统出现错乱，攻击自身健康组织而非病原体。
In the UK alone, at least 4 have such , with some more than one. , it is now that cases of are by 3% and 9% a year.Most play a key role in this rise.
仅在英国，就有至少400万人患上这类疾病饮食网，有些人出现不止一种病症。据估计，目前全球自身免疫性疾病病例每年增长为3%至9%。大多数科学家认为环境因素在其中发挥重要影响。
“Human hasn’t over the past few ,” said Lee, who was based at . “So must be in the world in a way that is our to .”
此前在剑桥大学工作的李称：“人类基因在过去几十年里没有改变饮食网，因此，一定是外界发生了某种变化，使我们更容易患上自身免疫性疾病。”
This idea was by , who was based at the . She to in diet that were as more and more -style diets and more fast food.
这一想法得到了维努埃萨的支持。曾在澳大利亚国立大学工作的她指出，随着越来越多的国家接受西式饮食，人们购买更多的快餐，饮食正在发生变化。
“Fast-food diets lack , such as fibre, and this a ’s – the of micro- that we have in our gut and which play a key role in ,” said.
维努埃萨说：“快餐饮食缺乏某些重要营养成分，如膳食纤维，有证据表明这种饮食改变会影响人体内的微生物群（肠道微生物群），它们对调节身体各方面功能起着关键作用。”
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“These in our are then , of which more than 100 types have now been .”
“微生物群的这些变化便会引发自身免疫性疾病，目前已经发现了100多种该类型疾病。”
Both that were in such , that also as well as lupus, which and and can cause to , the heart.
两位科学家都强调，患自身免疫性疾病与个体的易感性有关，如乳糜泻和红斑狼疮等自身免疫疾病。红斑狼疮可引发炎症和肿胀，并可导致心脏等各种器官受损。
“If you don’t have a , you won’t get an , no how many Big Macs you eat,” said . “There is not a lot we can do to halt the of fast-food . So , we are to the that and make some but not. We want to the issue at that level.”
维努埃萨说：“如果你没有某种遗传易感性，那么无论吃多少巨无霸，都不一定会患上自身免疫性疾病。我们无法阻止快餐连锁店在全球扩张。因此，我们正试图了解导致自身免疫疾病的基本遗传机制，为什么有人易感有人不易感。我们希望在遗传机制上攻克这类疾病。”
This task is to the of that now allow to tiny DNA among large of . In this way, it is to among those from an .
由于技术的发展，这一目标成为可能。现在，科学家们可以精确定位大量个体之间微小的DNA差异。这样，就有可能在患有自身免疫性疾病的人群中识别出共同的基因模式。
“Until very , we just didn’t have the tools to do that, but now we have this power to DNA on a large scale and that has ,” said Lee. “When I doing , we knew about half a dozen DNA that were in bowel . Now we know of more than 250.”
李称：“之前我们没有办法做到，但现在我们已经有能力来进行大规模DNA测序，这改变了一切。当我开始做研究时，我们发现了约六种DNA变异与引发炎性肠病有关。现在我们发现了250种以上有关的DNA变异。”
Lee also that cases of the world meant new and drugs were now more than ever . “At , there are no cures for , which in young – while they are to their , get their first job and have ,” he said.
李还强调，全球自身免疫性疾病病例的激增意味着现在比以往任何时候都迫切需要新的治疗方法和药物。他说：“目前，在年轻人努力完成学业、找到第一份工作和组建家庭的同时，自身免疫性疾病通常会在他们身上发生，但目前尚无治疗方法。”
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